Published articles citing use of the C-BARQ

  1. Amirhosseini, M.H., Yadav, V., Serpell, J.A., Pettigrew, P. and Kain, P. 2024. An artificial intelligence approach to predicting personality types in dogs. Scientific Reports, 14: 2404. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52920-9
  2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106632.
  3. Arata, S., Takeuchi, Y., Inoue, M. & Mori, Y. 2014. “Reactivity to stimuli” is a temperamental factor contributing to canine aggression. PLoS ONE, 9(6): e100767.
  4. Arvelius, P., Asp, H.E., Fikse, W.F., Strandberg, E. & Nilsson, K. 2014. Genetic analysis of a temperament test as a tool to select against everyday life fearfulness in Rough Collie. Journal of Animal Science, 92: 4843-4855.
  5. Asp, H.E., Fiske, W.F., Nilsson, K. & Strandberg, E. 2015. Breed differences in everyday behavior of dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 169: 69-77.
  6. Balogh, O., Borruat, N., Meier, A.A. and Hartnack, S. 2018. The influence of spaying and its timing relative to the onset of puberty on urinary and general behaviour in Labrador Retrievers. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 53:1184-1190. https://doi.10.1111/rda.13225
  7. Barnard, S., Siracusa, C., Reisner, I., Valsecchi, P. and Serpell, J.A. 2012. Validity of model devices used to assess canine temperament in behavioral tests. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 138: 79-87.
  8. Barnard, S., Flint, H., Diana, A., Shreyer, T., Arrazola, A., Serpell, J.A. & Croney, C. 2023. Management and behavioral factors associated with rehoming outcomes of dogs retired from commercial breeding kennels. PLoS ONE, 18(3), e0282459. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282459
  9. Bennett, S.L., Litster, A., Weng, H-Y., Walker, S.L. & Leuscher, A.U. 2012. Investigating behavior assessment instruments to predict aggression in dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 141: 139-148.
  10. Besegher, A. et al. 2025. Evaluation of the factorial structures of the Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ) in France. Preprint under review.
  11. Bohland, K.R., Lilly, M.L., Herron, M.E., Arruda, A. and O’Quin, J.M. 2023. Shelter dog behavior after adoption: Using the C-BARQ to track dog behavior changes through the first six months after adoption. PLoS ONE 18(8): e0289356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289356
  12. Bosch, G., Beerda, B., Beynen, A.C., van der Borg, J.A.M., van der Poel, A.F.B. and Hendriks, W.H. 2009. Dietary tryptophan supplementation in privately owned mildly anxious dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 121: 197-205.
  13. Bowen, J., Fatjó, J., Serpell, J.A., Bulbena-Cabré, Leighton, E. and Bulbena, A. 2019. First evidence for an association between joint hypermobility and excitability in a non-human species, the domestic dog. Nature Scientific Reports, 9: 8629. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-45096-0
  14. Bray, E.E., Levy, K.M., Kennedy, B.S., Duffy, D.L., Serpell, J.A. & MacLean, E.L. 2019. Predictive models of assistance dog training outcomes using the Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire and a standardized temperament evaluation. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 27 February. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00049
  15. Broseghini, A., Guérineau, C., Looke, M., Mariti, C., Serpell, J.A., Marinelli, L. and Mongllo, P. 2023. Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ): Validation of the Italian translation. Animals, 13(7). https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/7/1254
  16. Buttner, A. P., Awalt, S. L., & Strasser, R. 2023. Early life adversity in dogs produces altered physiological and behavioral responses during a social stress-buffering paradigm. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1– 15. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.856
  17. Canejo-Teixeira, R., Armelim Armiro, P., Serpell, J.A., Baptista, L.V. and Nisa, M.M.R.E. 2018. Evaluation of the factor structure of the Canine Behavioural Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ) in European Portuguese. PLoS ONE, 13(12): e0209852. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209852
  18. Canejo-Teixeira, R., Armelim Almiro, P., Baptista, L.V. and Grave Rodeia Espada Niza, M.M. (2020) Predicting Dysfunctional Human–Dog Dyads. Anthrozoöshttps://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2020.1824655
  19. Cavalli, C.M., Carballo, F., Dzik, M.V., Underwood, S. and Bentosela, M. 2019. Are animal-assisted activity dogs different from pet dogs? A comparison of their sociocognitive abilities. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 23: 76-81.
  20. Clay, L., Paterson, M.B.A., Bennett, P., Perry, G. and Phillips, C.C.J. 2020. Comparison of canine behaviour scored using a shelter behaviour assessment and an owner completed questionnaire, C-BARQ. Animalshttps://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101797.
  21. Cook, P.F., Spivak, M. & Berns, G.S. 2014. Jealousy in dogs? Evidence from brain imaging. Animal Sentience, 2018.117.
  22. Cook, P.F., Pritchard, A., Spivak, M. & Berns, G.S. 2014. One pair of hands is not like another: Caudate BOLD response in dogs depends on signal source and canine temperament. PeerJ,https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.596.
  23. Corsetti, S., Ferrara, M. and Natoli, E. 2019. Evaluating stress in dogs involved in animal-assisted interventions. Animals, 9,https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9100833
  24. Chung, T., Park, C., Kwon, Y., Yeon, S. 2016. Prevalence of canine behavior problems related to dog-human relationship in South Korea—a pilot study. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 11: 26-30.
  25. Dalla Villa, P., Barnard, S., Di Nardo, A., Ianetti, L., Podaliri-Vulpiani, M., Trentini, R., Serpell, J.A. & Siracusa, C. 2016. Validation of the Socially Acceptable Behaviour (SAB) test in a central Italy pet dog population. Veterinaria Italianahttps://doi.org/10.12834/VetIt.321.1283.3.
  26. De Meester, R., De Bacquer, D., Peremens, K., Vermeire, S., Planta, D.J., Coopman, F. and Audenaert, K. 2008. A preliminary study on the use of the Socially Acceptable Behaviour Test as a test for shyness/confidence in the temperament of dogs. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 3: 161-170.
  27. Doane, M. and Serenbo, S. 2019. A modified combined C-BARQ and QoL for both the companion dog and its owner. An embryo to a companion dog welfare assessment? Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 213: 91-106.
  28. Dodman, N.H., Brown, D.C. and Serpell, J.A. 2018. Associations between owner personality and psychological status and the prevalence of canine behavior problems. PLOS ONE, 13(2): e0192846. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192846
  29. Dreschel, N.A. 2010. The effects of fear and anxiety on health and lifespan in pet dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 125: 157-162.
  30. Dreschel, N.A. and Granger, D.A. 2005. Physiological and behavioral reactivity to stress in thunderstorm-phobic dogs and their caregivers. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 95: 153-168.
  31. Duffy, D.L. and Serpell, J.A. 2008. Behavioral assessment of guide and service dogs. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 3: 186-188 (Abstract).
  32. Duffy, D.L., Hsu, Y. and Serpell, J.A. 2008. Breed differences in canine aggression. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 114: 441-460.
  33. Duffy, D.L. & Serpell, J.A. 2012. Predictive validity of a method for evaluating temperament in young guide and service dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 138: 99-109.
  34. Duffy, D.L., Kruger, K. & Serpell, J.A. 2014. Evaluation of a behavioral assessment tool for dogs relinquished to shelters. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 117: 601-609.
  35. Dutrow, E., Serpell, J.A. & Ostrander, E. 2022. Domestic dog lineages reveal genetic drivers of behavioral diversification. Cell, 185: 4737-4756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.003
  36. Edwards, P.T., Hazel, S.J., Browne, M., Serpell, J.A., McArthur, M.L., Smith, B.P. (2019) Investigating risk factors that predict a dog’s fear during veterinary consultations. PLOS ONE, 14(7): e0215416. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215416
  37. Farhoody, P., Mallawaarachchi, I., Tarwater, P.M., Serpell, J.A., Duffy, D.L. and Zink, C. 2018. Aggression toward familiar people, strangers, and conspecifics in gonadectomized and intact dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00018.
  38. Farmer-Dougan, V., Quick, A., Harper, K., Schmidt, K. & Campbell, D. (2014). Behavior of hearing or vision impaired and normal hearing and vision dogs (Canis lupus familiaris): Not the same, but not that different. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 9: 316-323.
  39. Fatjo, J. and Bowen, J. 2020. Making the case for multi-axis assessment of behavioural problems. Animals, 10https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10030383
  40. Flint, H.E., Coe, J.B., Serpell, J.A., Pearl, D.L. & Niel, L. 2017. Risk factors associated with stranger-directed aggression in domestic dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 197: 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2017.08.007
  41. Foyer, P., Bjallerhag, N., Wilsson, E. & Jensen, P. 2014. Behavior and experiences of dogs during the first year of life predict the outcome in a later temperament test. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 155: 93-100.
  42. Friedrich, J., Arvelius, P., Strandberg, E., Polgar, Z., Wiener, P. & Haskell, M.J. 2019. The interaction between behavioral traits and demographic and management factors in German shepherd dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 211: 67-76.
  43. Friedrich, J., Strandberg, E., Arvelius, P., Sanchez-Molano, E., Pong-Wong, R., Hickey, J.M., Haskell, M.J. & Wiener, P. 2019. Genetic dissection of complex behavior traits in German shepherd dogs. Heredity: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-019-0275-2.
  44. Gilchrist, R. J., Gardner, M. J., Manapat, P. D., Gunter, L. M., Feuerbacher, E. N., Edwards, M. C., & Wynne, C. D. L. 2025. Tailoring the C-BARQ to shelter dogs: Identification of five reliable factors. Animal Behavior and Cognition, 12(1), 69-107. https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.12.01.04.2025
  45. Gobbo, E. and Zupan, M. 2020. Dogs’ Sociability, Owners’ Neuroticism and Attachment Style to Pets as Predictors of Dog Aggression. Animals, 10, 315. https://www.mdpi.com/20762615/10/2/315.
  46. González-Martínez, Á., Martínez, M. F., Rosado, B., Luño, I., Santamarina, G., Suárez, M. L., Camino, F., de la Cruz, L. and Diéguez, F. J. (2019). Association between puppy classes and adulthood behavior of the dog. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 32, 36–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2019.04.011
  47. González-Ramírez, M., Quezada-Berumen, L. and Landero-Hernández, R. 2017. Assessment of canine behaviors using C-BARQ in a sample from northern Mexico. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 20: 52-58.
  48. González-Ramírez, M., Vanegas-Farfano, M. and Landero-Hernández, R. 2018. Differences in stress and happiness between owners who perceive their dogs as well behaved or poorly behaved when they are left alone. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 28: 1-5.
  49. González-Ramírez, M. 2019. Compatibility between humans and their dogs: Benefits for both. Animals, 9, 674; https://doi.ORG/10.3390/ani9090674
  50. Ghirlanda, S., Acerbi, A., Herzog, H. and Serpell, J.A. 2013. Fashion vs. function in cultural evolution: The case of dog breed popularity. PLOS ONE, 8(9): e74770
  51. Grigg, E.K., Nibblet, B.M., Sacks, B.N., Hack, R., Serpell, J.A. & Hart, L.A. 2016. Genetic and behavioral characteristics of the St. Kitts ‘island dog.’ Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 178: 88-95.
  52. Hare, E., Kelsey, K., Serpell, J.A. and Otto, C.M. 2018. Behavior differences between urban search-and-rescue and pet dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00118.
  53. Hare, E., Joffe, E.R., Wilson, C., Serpell, J.A. and Otto, C.M. 2021. Behavior traits associated with career outcome in a prison puppy-raising program. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 236, 105218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105218
  54. Hecht, E., Zapata, I., Alvarez, C., Gutman, D., Preuss, T., Kent, M. and Serpell, J.A. 2021. Neurodevelopmental scaling is a major driver of brain-behavior differences in temperament across dog breeds. Journal of Neuroscience, 226: 2725-2739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-021-02368-8.
  55. Hielscher-Zdzieblik, B., Froboese, I., Serpell, J.A. and Ganslosser, U. 2022. Impact of Dog's Age and Breed on Dog Owner's Physical Activity: A German Longitudinal Study. Animals, 12: 1314. DOI: 10.3390/ani12101314
  56. Hielscher-Zdzieblik, B., Gansloßer, U., Serpell, J.A., Froboese, I. 2022. The Long-Term Influence of Puppy Acquisition on Physical Activity: Results of a 3-Year, Longitudinal, Pilot Study. Healthcare, accepted.
  57. Hoffman, C.L., Chen, P., Serpell, J.A. and Jacobson, K.C. 2013. Do dog characteristics predict the quality of the relationship between dogs and their owners? Human-Animal Interaction Bulletin, 1: 20-37.
  58. Hoffman, C.L. and Suchak, M. 2017. Dog rivalry impacts following behavior in a decision-making task involving food. Animal Cognitionhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-017-1091-9.
  59. Hrovat, A., De Keuster, T., Kooistra, H.S., Duchateau, L., Oyama, M., Peremans, K. and Daminet, S. 2019. Behavior in dogs with spontaneous hypothyroidism during treatment with levothyroxine. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 33: 64-71.
  60. Hsu, Y. & Serpell, J.A. 2003. Development and validation of a questionnaire for measuring behavior and temperament traits in pet dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 223:1293-1300.
  61. Hsu, Y. and Sun, L. 2010. Factors associated with aggressive responses in pet dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 123: 108-123.
  62. Hunt, M., Otto, C.M., Serpell, J.A. and Alvarez, J. 2012. Interactions between handler well-being and canine health and behavior in search and rescue teams. Anthrozoös, 25: 323-335.
  63. Ilska, J., Haskell, M.J., Blott, S.C., Sanchez-Molano, E., Polgar, Z., Lofgren, S.E., Clements, D.N. and Wiener, P. 2017. Genetic characterization of dog personality traits. Genetics, 206: 1101-1111.
  64. Jakuba T, Polcova Z, Fedakova D, Kottferova J, Marekova J, Fejsakova M, Ondrasovicova O and Ondrasovic M. (2013) Differences in evaluation of a dog's temperament by individual members of the same household. Society & Animals, 21: 582-589.
  65. Jancovcevic, A., Mustaca, A. and Bentosela, M. 2012. Do more sociable dogs gaze longer to the human face than less sociable ones? Behavioural Processes, 90: 217-222.
  66. Junttila, S., Valros, A., Maki, K. and Tiira, K. 2024. Do cognitive traits associate with everyday behavior in the domestic dogs, Canis familiaris? Animal Behaviour, 231: 71-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.04.012
  67. Junttila, S., Valros, A., Maki, K. and Tiira, K. 2025. Puppy (3-7-month-old) cognitive tests as predictors of adult cognition and behavior. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106599
  68. Kaneko, F., Arata, S., Takeuchi, Y. & Mori, Y. 2013. Analysis of associations between behavioral traits and four types of aggression in Shiba Inu. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 75: 1297-1301. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.13-0082
  69. Kato, M., Miyaji, K., Ohtani, N. and Ohta, M. 2012. Effects of prescription diet on dealing with stressful situations and performance of anxiety-related behaviors in privately owned anxious dogs. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 7: 21-26.
  70. Kutsumi, A., Nagasawa, M., Ohta, M. & Ohtani, N. (2013). Importance of puppy training for future behavior of the dog. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 75: 141-149.
  71. LaFollette, M., Rodriguez, K.E., Ogata, N. and O’Haire, M.E. 2019. Military veterans and their PTSD service dogs: Associations between training methods, PTSD severity, dog behavior, and the human-animal bond. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 6:23.https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00023
  72. Lazarowski, L., Rogers, B., Krichbaum, S., Haney, P., Smith J.G. and Waggoner, P. 2021. Validation of a Behavior Test for Predicting Puppies’ Suitability as Detection Dogs. Animals, 11, 993. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11040993
  73. Le Brech, S., Koscinczuk, P., Rossner, M.V. 2008. Canine aggression problems. Preliminary study in the cities of Corrientes and Resistencia, Argentina. Revista Veterinaria, 19: 50-53.
  74. Le Brech, S., Amat, M., Mariotti, V.M., Ruiz de la Torre, J.L. and Manteca, X. 2009. Evaluation of behavioral characteristics of dogs with owner-directed aggression through the C-BARQ. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 5: 54 (Abstract).
  75. Lensen, R.C.M.M., Moons, C.P.H. and Diederich, C. 2019. Physiological stress reactivity and recovery related to behavioral traits in dogs (Canis familiaris). PLoS ONE, 14(9): e0222581. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222581
  76. Liinamo, A-E., Van den Berg, L., Schilder, M.B.H., Leegwater, P.A.J., van Arendonk, J.A.M. & van Oost, B.A. 2007. Genetic variation in aggression-related traits in Golden Retriever dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 104: 95-106.
  77. Lofgren, S.E., Wiener, P., Blott, S.S., Sanchez-Molano, E., Woolliams, J.A., Clements, D.N. and Haskell, M.J. 2014. Management and personality of Labrador retriever dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 156: 44-53.
  78. MacLean, E.L., Guesquiere, L.R., Gee, N.R., Levy, K., Martin W.L. and Carter, C.S. 2017. Endogenous oxytocine, vasopressin, and aggression in domestic dogs. Frontiers in Psychology, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01613.
  79. MacLean, E.L., Guesquiere, L.R., Gruen, M.E., Sherman, B.L., Martin W.L. and Carter, C.S. 2017. Effects of affiliative human-animal interaction on dog salivary and plasma oxytocin and vasopression. Frontiers in Psychologyhttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01606.
  80. MacLean, E.L., Snyder-Mackler, N., VonHoldt, B. & Serpell, J.A. 2019. Highly heritable and functionally relevant breed differences in dog behavior. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 286: http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0716.
  81. Mahmoodi, M., Mehrgardi, A.A., Momen, M., Serpell, J.A. & Esmailizadeh, A. 2024. Deciphering the genetic basis of behavioral traits in dogs: Observed-trait GWAS and latent-trait GWAS analysis reveal key genes and variants. The Veterinary Journalhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106251.
  82. Marshall-Pescini, S. Valsecchi, P., Petak, I., Accorsi, P.A. and Prato Previde, E. 2008. Does training make you smarter? The effects of training on dogs’ performance in a problem-solving task. Behavioral Processes, 78: 449-454.
  83. Matos, R.E., Jakuba, T., Mino, I., Fejsakova, M., Demeova, A., Kottferova, J., 2015. Characteristics and risk factors of dog aggression in the Slovak Republic. Vet. Med. (Praha), 60: 432–445.
  84. McAuliffe, L.R., Koch, C.S., Serpell, J.A. and Campbell, K.L. 2022. Associations between atopic dermatitis and aggression, anxiety, and fear-based behaviors in dogs. JAAHA, 58: 161-167.
  85. McGreevy, P.D., Georgevsky, D., Carrasco, J., Valenzuela, M., Duffy, D.L. and Serpell, J.A. (2013) Dog behavior co-varies with height, bodyweight and skull shape. PLOS ONEhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080529
  86. McGreevy, P.D., Wilson, B., Starling, M. and Serpell, J.A. 2018. Behavioral risks in male dogs with minimal lifetime exposure to gonadal hormones may complicate population-control benefits of desexing. PLOS ONE, 13(5): e0196284, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196284.
  87. McGuire, B., Chan, J., Jean-Baptiste, K., Kok, P., & Rosenbaum, E. 2021. Results of 659 Behavioral Evaluations Predict Length of Stay for Shelter Dogs. Animals, 11(11), 3272. 660 https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113272
  88. McGuire, B., Orantes, D., Xue, S. and Parry, S. 2020. Abilities of canine shelter behavioral evaluations and owner surrender profiles to predict resource guarding in adoptive homes. Animals, 10, 1702. https://doi.org/10.339/ani10091702.
  89. McMillan, F.D., Duffy, D.L. & Serpell, J.A. 2011. Mental health of dogs formerly used as ‘breeding stock’ in commercial breeding establishments. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 135: 86-94.
  90. McMillan, F.D., Serpell, J.A., Duffy, D.L., Masaoud, E. and Dohoo, I.R. 2013. Differences in behavioral and psychological characteristics between dogs obtained as puppies from pet stores and those obtained from noncommercial breeders. JAVMA, 242 (10): 1359-1363.
  91. McMillan, F.D., Duffy, D.L., Stephen L. Zawistowski & Serpell, J.A. 2015. Behavioral and psychological characteristics of canine victims of abuse. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 18: 92-111.
  92. McMillan, F.D., Vanderstichel, R., Stryhn, H., Yu, J. and Serpell, J.A. 2016. Differences in behavioral characteristics between dogs removed from hoarding situations and a convenience sample of pet dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 178: 69-79.
  93. Nagasawa, M., Tsujimura, A., Tateishi, K., Mogi, K., Ohta, M., Serpell, J.A. & Kikusui, T. 2011. Assessment of the factorial structure of the C-BARQ in Japan. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 73: 869-875.
  94. Nagasawa, M., Mogi, K. & Kikusui, T. 2012. Continued distress among abandoned dogs in Fukushima. Scientific Reports, 2https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00724.
  95. Nagasawa, M., Kanbayashi, S., Mogi, K., Serpell, J.A. & Kikusui, T. 2015. Comparison of behavioral characteristics of dogs in the United States and Japan. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.15-0253.
  96. Otto, C.M., Downend, A.B., Serpell, J.A., Ziemer, L.S. & Saunders, H.M. 2004. Medical and behavioral surveillance of dogs deployed to the World Trade Center and the Pentagon from October 2001 to June 2002. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 225(6): 861-867.
  97. Packer, R.M.A., Law, T.H., Davies, E., Zanghi, B., Pan, Y. & Volk, H.A. 2016. Effects of ketogenic diet on ADHD-like behavior in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 55: 62-68.
  98. Packer, R.M., De Risio, L., and Volk, H.A. 2017. Investigating the potential of the anti-epileptic drug imepitoin as a treatment for co-morbid anxiety in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. BMC Veterinary Research,13: 90.
  99. Packer, R.M.A., Davies, A.M., Volk, H.A., Puckett, H.L., Hobbs, S.L., Fowkes, R.C. 2019. What can we learn from the hair of the dog? Complex effects of endogenous and exogenous stressors on canine hair cortisol. PLoS ONE, e0216000. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216000
  100. Paroz, C., Gebhardt-Heinrich, S.G. & Steiger, A. 2008. Reliability and validity of behaviour tests in Hovawart dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 115: 67-81.
  101. Pellowe, S.D., Zhang, A., Bignell, D.R., Pena-Castillo, L., and Walsh, C.J. 2025. Gut microbiota composition is related to anxiety and aggression scores in companion dogs. Scientific Reports, 15: 24336. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06178-4
  102. Pereira, M., Lourenco, A., Lima, M. and Serpell, J.A., Silva, K. 2021. Evaluation of mediating and moderating effects on the relationship between owners’ and dogs’ anxiety: a tool to understand a complex problem. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 44: 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2021.03.004
  103. Plueckhahn, T., Schneider, L.A., and Delfabbro, P.H. 2022. Comparing owner-rated temperament measures and a measure of owner personality: An exploratory study. Anthrozoös, 36:53-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2022.2062870
  104. Powell, L., Stefanovski, D., Siracusa, C. and Serpell, J.A. 2021. Owner personality, owner-dog attachment, and canine demographics influence treatment outcomes in canine behavioral medicine cases. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 630931. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.630931
  105. Powell, L.R., Duffy, D.L., Kruger, K.A., Watson, B.I. and Serpell, J.A. 2021. Relinquishing owners underestimate their dog’s behavioral problems: Deception or lack of knowledge? Frontiers in Veterinary Science, https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.734973
  106. Rosa, S.A., Jarrel, L., Soares, G.M. & Paixão, R.L. 2017. Translating and validating a canine behavioral assessment questionnaire (C-BARQ) to Brazilian Portuguese. Archives of Veterinary Science, 22:10-17 (in Portuguese w/ English Abstract).
  107. Roth, L.S.V., Faresjö, A., Theodorsson, E. and Jensen, P. 2016. Hair cortisol varies with season and lifestyle and relates to human interactions in German shepherd dogs. Nature Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/srep19631.
  108. Rutherford, L., Wessman, A., Rusbridge, C., McGonnell, I., Abeyesinghe, S., Bum, C. and Volk, H. 2012. Questionnaire-based behaviour analysis of Cavalier King Charles spaniels with neuropathic pain due to Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia. Veterinary Journal, 194(3): 294-298.
  109. Sakurama, M., Ito, M., Nakanowataru, Y. and Kooriyama, T. 2023. Selection of appropriate dogs to be therapy dogs using the C-BARQ. Animals, 13, 834. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050834
  110. Savalli, C., Albuquerque, N., Vasconcellos, A.S., Ramos, D., de Mello, F.T. and Serpell, J.A. 2021. Characteristics associated with behavior problems in Brazilian dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 234, 105213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2020.105213.
  111. Scandurra, A. et al. 2022. Effects of a nutritional supplement (DiRelax™) on anxiety in dogs in a randomized control trial design. Animals,https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12040435
  112. Schmidt, T., Meller, S., Talbot, S.R., Packer, R.M.A. and Volk, H.A. 2023. Urinary neurotransmitter analysis and canine behavior assessment. Frontiers in Veterinary Science.https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets2023.1124231.
  113. Schneider, L.A., Delfabbro, P.H. and Burns, N.R. 2013. Temperament and lateralization in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 8: 124-134.
  114. Segurson, S., Serpell, J.A. & Hart, B.L. 2005. Evaluation of a behavioral assessment questionnaire for use in the characterization of behavioral problems in dogs relinquished to animal shelters, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 227(11):1755-1761.
  115. Serpell, J.A. 2018. Jealousy? Or just hostility toward other dogs. The risks of jumping to conclusions. Animal Sentience, 2018.135.
  116. Serpell, J.A. 2019. How happy is your pet? The problem of subjectivity in the assessment of companion animal welfare. Animal Welfare, 28: 57-66.
  117. Serpell, J.A. and Hsu, Y. 2005. Effects of breed, sex, and neuter status on trainability in dogs. Anthrozoös, 18: 196-207.
  118. Serpell, J.A. & Duffy, D.L. 2014. Dog breeds and their behavior. In Domestic Dog Cognition and Behavior, ed. A. Horowitz. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 31-57.
  119. Serpell, J.A. & Duffy, D.L. 2016. Aspects of juvenile and adolescent environment predict aggression and fear in 12 month-old guide dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Sciencehttps://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2016.00049.
  120. Shouldice, V., L., Edwards, A.M., Serpell, J.A., Niel, L and Robinson, A.B. 2019. Expression of behavioural traits in F1 goldendoodles and labradoodles. Animalshttps://doi.org/10.3390/ani9121162.
  121. Siniscalchi, M., d’Ingeo, S., Fornelli, S. and Quaranta, A. 2018. Laterilized behavior and cardiac activity of dogs in response to human emotional vocalizations. Nature Scientific Reports,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18417-4
  122. Siracusa, C., Di Nardo, A., Serpell, J., Iannetti, L., Podaliri, M., Trentini, R., & Dalla Villa, P. 2010. A comparison between a direct and an indirect method for assessing aggressiveness in dogs, Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 5: 55 (Abstract)
  123. Smith, B.P., Browne, M. & Serpell, J.A. 2017. Owner-reported behavioral characteristics of dingoes (Canis dingo) living as companion animals: A comparison to ‘modern’ and ‘ancient’ dog breeds. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 187: 77-84.
  124. Sorbie, D.A., Cooke, A.S. and Ventura, B.A. 2025. Understanding the behavior of adopted northern Canadian community dogs through a mixed-methods approach. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106597
  125. Starling, M.J., Fawcett, A., Wilson, B., Serpell, J.A. and McGreevy, P. 2019. Behavioural risks in female dogs with minimal lifetime exposure to gonadal hormones. PLOS ONEhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.1223709.
  126. Strandberg, E., Nilsson, K. and Svartberg, K. 2025. Genetic parameters of personality traits in dogs based on behavioral assessment and questionnaire information. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106619
  127. Svartberg, K. 2005. A comparison of behaviour in test and in everyday life: Evidence of three consistent boldness-related personality traits in dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 91: 103-128.
  128. Tamimi, N., Jamshidi, S., Serpell, J.A., Mousavi, S. & Ghasempourabadi, Z. 2015. Assessment of the C-BARQ for evaluating dog behavior in Iran. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 10: 36-40.
  129. Tandon, D., Ressler, K., Petticord, D., Papa, A., Jiranek, J., Wilkinson, R., Kartzinel, R.Y., Ostrander, E.A., Burney, N., Borden, C., Udell, M.A.R. and VonHoldt, B.M. 2019. Homozygosity for mobile element insertions associated with WBSCR17 could predict success in assistance dog training programs. Genes, 10: 438. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10060439
  130. Thielke, L. E., & Udell, M. A. R. 2019. Evaluating Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes in Conjunction with the Secure Base Effect for Dogs in Shelter and Foster Environments. Animals, 9(11), 932. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9110932
  131. Tonoike, A., Nagasawa, M., Mogi, K., Serpell, J.A., Ohtsuki, H. and Kikusui, T. 2015. Comparison of owner-reported behavioral characteristics among genetically clustered breeds of dog (Canis familiaris). Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/srep17710.
  132. Van den Berg, L., Schilder, M.B.H., de Vries, H., Leegwater, P.A.J. & van Oost, B.A. 2006. Phenotyping of aggressive behavior in golden retriever dogs with a questionnaire. Behavior Genetics, 36: 882-902.
  133. Van den Berg, L., Vos-Loohuis, M., Schilder, M.B.H., van Oost, B.A., Hazewinkel, H.A.W., Wade, C.M., Karlsson, E.K., Lindblad-Toh, K. Liinamo, A.E. & Leegwater, P.A.J. 2008. Evaluation of the serotonergic genes htr1A, htr1B, htr2A and slc6A4 in aggressive behavior of golden retriever dogs. Behavior Genetics, 38: 55-66.
  134. Van den Berg, S.M., Heuven, H.C.M., Van den Berg, L., Duffy, D.L. and Serpell, J.A. 2010. Evaluation of the C-BARQ as a measure of stranger-directed aggression in three common dog breeds. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 124: 136-141.
  135. Van der Borg, J.A.M. , Beerda, B. , Ooms, M. , de Souza, A.S. , van Hagen, M. , Kemp, B. 2010. Evaluation of behaviour testing for human directed aggression in dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 128 (1-4), pp. 78-90.
  136. Van der Borg, J.A.M., Graat, E.A.M. and Beerda, B. 2017. Behavioral testing-based breeding policy reduces the prevalence of fear and aggression related behavior in Rottweilers. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2017.06.004
  137. Van Rooy, D., Arnott, E.R., Thompson, P.C., McGreevy , P.D. and Wade, C.M. 2018. Using an owner-based questionnaire to phenotype dogs with separation-related distress: Do owners know what their dogs do when they are absent. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 23: 58-65.
  138. Van Rooy, D., Haase, B., McGreevy , P.D., Thompson, P.C. and Wade, C.M. 2016. Evaluating candidate genes oprm1, drd2, avpr1a, and oxtr in golden retrievers with separation related behaviors. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 16: 22-27.
  139. Van Rooy, D., Thompson, P.C., McGreevy , P.D. and Wade, C.M. 2018. Risk factors of separation related behaviors in Australian retrievers. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, xxxx
  140. Van Rooy, D. and Wade, C. 2019. Association between coat colour and the behavior of Australian Labrador retrievers. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology, 6: 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40575-019-0078-z
  141. Vermeire, S., Audenaert, K., Dobbeleir, A., De Meester, R., Vandermeulen, E., Waelbers, T. and Peremens, K. 2009. Regional cerebral blood flow changes in dogs with anxiety disorders, measured with SPECT. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 3: 342-349.
  142. Vermeire, S., Audenaert, K., Dobbeleir, A., De Meester, R., De Vos, P.J. and Peremens, K. 2009. Evaluation of the brain 5-HT2A receptor binding index in dogs with anxiety disorders, measured with 123I-51-R91150 and SPECT. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 50: 284-289.
  143. Vermeire, S. et al. 2011. Neuro-imaging the serotonin 2A receptor as a valid biomarker for canine behavioural disorders. Research in Veterinary Science, 91: 465-472.
  144. Vermeire, S., Audenaert, K., de Meester, R., Vandermeulen, E., Waelbers, T., De Spiegeleer, B., Eersels, J., Dobbeleir, A. and Peremens, K. 2012. Serotonin 2A receptor, serotonin transporter and dopamine transporter alterations in dogs with compulsive behavior as a promising model for human obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 201: 78-87.
  145. Vlerick, L., Peremens, K., Dockx, R. et al. 2018. The influence of the subanaesthetic ketamine on regional cerebral blood flow in healthy dogs measured with 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT. PLOS ONE, e0209316. https://doi.org/10.1371/journalpone.0209316.
  146. Wauthier, L.M. and Williams, J.M. 2018. Using the mini C-BARQ to investigate the effects of puppy farming on dog behavior. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 206: 75-86.
  147. Wells, D.L., Hepper, P.G., Milligan, A.D.S. and Barnard, S. 2019. Lack of association between paw preference and behaviour problems in the domestic dog, Canis familiaris. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 210: 81-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2018.10.008
  148. Wilkins, V., Evans, J., Park, C.,Fitzpatrick, A.L., Creevy, K.E. and Ruple A. 2024. Validation of the shortened version of the Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ) using participants from the Dog Aging Project. PLoS ONE, 19(4): e0299973. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299973
  149. Wilson, B., Serpell, J.A., Herzog, H. and McGreevy, P. 2018. Prevailing clusters of canine behavioural traits in historical US demand for dog breeds (1926–2005). Animalshttps://doi.org/10.3390/ani8110197
  150. Wormald, D., Lawrence, A.J., Carter, G. and Fisher, A.D. 2017. Reduced heart rate variability in pet dogs affected by anxiety-related behavior problems. Physiology & Behavior, 168: 122-127.
  151. Xu, Y., Christiaen, E., De Witte, S., Chen, Q., Peremans, K., Saunders, J., Vanhove, C. and Baeken, C. 2023. Network analysis reveals abnormal functional brain circuitry in anxious dogs. PLoS ONE, 18(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282087
  152. Zapata, I., Serpell, J.A. & Alvarez, C.E. 2016. Genetic mapping of canine fear and aggression. BMC Genomics, 17:572. doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-2936-3
  153. Zapata, I., Herron, M.E., Serpell, J.A. and Alvarez, C.E. 2022. Genetic testing of dogs predicts problem behaviors in clinical and nonclinical samples. BMC Genomics, 23:102. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08351-9
  154. Zapata, I., Eyre, A., Alvarez, C.E. and Serpell, J.A. 2022. Latent class analysis of behavior across dog breeds reveals underlying temperament profiles. Scientific Reports, 12(1): 15627. DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-20053-6

This list of publications is not necessarily exhaustive or complete. If you are aware of other published studies that have used the C-BARQ that are not included here, please feel free to send us the details at: cias@vet.upenn.edu.

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This list of publications was last updated on August 23, 2025.